australian apostlebird

Number observed: 3. Learn about the birds found in the Victoria and check out the best photos from a range of leading bird and wildlife photographers. Oscines. Project Noah is a tool that nature lovers can use to explore and document local wildlife and a common technology platform that research groups can use to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere. Early settlers believed that these groups always comprised 12 birds, and likened these to the apostles of Jesus Christ. Full size: 1639x1024. In the SE NSW it occurs away from the coast … The Australian mudnesters are passerine family Struthideidae. Apostlebird These constitute many of the small and initially indistinct birds of the forest, also known colloquially as ‘little brown jobs’. There are Apostlebirds in the northern part of the Northern Territory isolated from the main population down the east coast of Australia. Sizes: 800x500 1152x720 1639x1024 histogram. www.duadepaton.com to see if it is available in the shop. In central NSW a common and happy roadside sight is a group of Apostlebirds going about their business. Struthidea cinerea. Birds of the World. Bird - Australian Bird - Catbird Stock Photos, Pictures and Images. Listen to Bridsongs in the Australian Bush by Del Richards on Apple Music. next (Apostlebird) last. By joining the biggest community of bird lovers in Australia, you can help us make a positive impact on the future of our native birdlife. Many of these are about twelve in number, hence the common name. A third Australian bird builds mud nests: Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca. (Gympie, Australia) // The Apostlebird has earned its name because it is highly gregarious, usually seen in groups of up to 30 birds. Lewin's Honeyeater. Early settlers believed that these groups always comprised 12 birds, and likened these to the apostles of Jesus Christ. Taken in central Australia. EDITOR: Our first bird in the 'Australian Mudnester' family. … The other, the apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea), shares its highly social behaviours. Australian Magpie. Order Passeriformes; Family Struthideidae (Australian Mudnesters); Scientific name: Struthidea cinerea; Common name: Apostle Bird – Distribution… View … I took this photo of an Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) whilst visiting the BirdLife Australia Gluepot reserve which is near Walkerie in South Australia.At the time of my visit this part of Australia was in the grip of a long-lasting drought and I have an abiding memory of the heat and how ‘ready to burn’ all the vegetation looked. Breeding in Australasia: ec Australia; can be seen in 1 country. See the best bird photos of the Apostlebird from the world's leading wildlife and bird photographers. Apostlebird . These riotous characters of the Australian bush were busily scrounging titbits from an occasional tourist as well as exhibiting their normal seemingly irrational and noisy behaviour. If not please contact me and I will be more than happy to assist. The Apostlebird is distributed inland in north and east Australia but does not extend to the coast. If you click "Change Portal", this checklist will be assigned to the portal you select below. The Common Blackbird is one of two introduced 'true thrushes' in Australia; the other is the Song Thrush, T. philomelos. Apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) 1/1000, f/5.6, ISO 1600. Apostlebird (Mungo NP, NSW) The Apostlebird is a ground forager - where it is frequently seen. It is found in non-coastal Queensland and NSW. Apostlebird Audrey Haynes Viewed: 22. There were a family of apostlebirds at the homestead too. Apostlebird Struthidea cinerea. Alternatively you can view the full list of … The Apostlebird is a familiar inhabitant of woodland and agricultural districts, especially inland, from SE South Australia to much of Queensland, with a separate population in the Northern Territory. Change portal Close. In the SE NSW it occurs away from the coast … In fact, over half of the 10,000 known species of birds in the world are in this order. Stock Photo - Apostlebird Struthidea cinerea, six individuals sit tightly pressed together side by side on a tree branch , Australia, New South Wales, Mungo National Park agefotostock ® the place to find all your visual content at the right price Apostlebirds are so called because they are often seen in family units of twelve or more birds, consisting of a male, several females and young helper birds. The apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) of the family Grallinidae is a gray-bodied Australian bird averaging 13 inches (33 centimeters) in length. The Australian Mudnesters is a small Australian family comprised of just two species: Apostlebird (left) and White-winged Chough (below). Find out more using the fact sheets and also why the Birds in Backyards program is interested in gathering data for these species. Learn about the birds found in Queensland and check out the best photos from a range … However, their conservation status varies from state to state within Australia. Eastern Spinebill. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. 1 / 577. Apostlebird. In the dusty parking area situated among low shrubs with a scattering of Callitris, we encountered the gregarious Apostlebird Struthidea cinerea. Medium-sized, dark grey, short strong black bill, black legs. • Apostlebird • Spangled Drongo • White-winged Chough. The Australian Raven is all black and has white eyes. Ravens are distinguished from other "black birds" by the shaggy feathers on their throat. The juvenile Australian Raven has light blue eyes. The Apostlebird is a ground forager - where it is frequently seen. By joining the biggest community of bird lovers in Australia, you can help us make a positive impact on the future of our native birdlife. Change portal to: Struthideinae. By joining the biggest community of bird lovers in Australia, you can help us make a positive impact on the future of our native birdlife. Sizes: 800x500 1152x720 1639x1024 histogram. Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) - Hattah, VIC - August 2012. Canon 50D, 70D, 80D, 90D, Canon 100-400 Mk 1, Canon EF 300mm f2.8L IS II USM. The apostlebird is more tolerant of arid habitats and is found in arid woodland and shrublands. Of those, almost 50% percent of these birds are endemic to Australia, meaning that there are only found on that continent, one-tenth of which are expected to go extinct before the end of the century. Both birds love hanging out in large flocks of up to 20 individuals – most often consisting of a breeding pair and several generations of offspring. Apostlebirds (Struthidea cinerea) are a highly vocal and social species with an obligate cooperatively breeding life-history. Apostlebird. One of the surveys is on 30 species of bird that are sometimes found in towns and cities. Australian apostlebirds - download this royalty free Stock Photo in seconds. Currawongs • Black Currawong • Grey Currawong • Pied Currawong. The Apostlebird , also known as the Grey Jumper, is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 13 inches long. Featured are such common Australian birds as the Australian Magpie, Jacky-winters and Willy-wagtails and iconic birds like the Apostlebird and Bowerbirds. They are ground feeders living mainly on seeds and insects, but will also take leaves, shoots, small mammals and the eggs of birds. next (Apostlebird) last. Habituated to people in some camping and picnic areas. The members of BirdLife Australia, along with our supporters and partners, have been powerful advocates for native birds and the conservation of their habitats since 1901. When you spend a lot of time in The Australian Bush, some odd little characters become a highlight. Apostlebirds ( Struthidea cinerea) are found in eastern Australia, on the western side of the Great Dividing Range. Australian birds tend to be long-lived, have long breeding seasons and share parental or group care of offspring, often for extended periods. The Bird Finder allows you to search, browse or find information about individual Australian birds. The two members of the passerine (oscine) family Corcoracidae—the blackbird-like White-winged Chough and the smaller, seed-eating Apostlebird. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. Australia. The Apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea ), also known as the Grey Jumper, is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 13 inches (33 centimetres) long. Read More. White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster). His site has an on-line photo library where you can view a selection of his photos including Australian birds, mammals, reptiles and wildflowers. (Gympie, Australia) // The Apostlebird has earned its name because it is highly gregarious, usually seen in groups of up to 30 birds. Apostlebirds are found in garrulous groups of from 3-20 birds. The Apostlebird is a medium-sized dark grey bird with a short strong bill, brown wings and black tail. _____ All photography prints are made to order. All images are available in high resolution to license for use. Apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) Range: AU ( range map ) info. Both are endemic to Australia. 9-prim. All orders come with a tracking number. Macleay's Honeyeater. Birds include the Australian pelican, Australian magpie, Azure kingfisher, Apostlebird and Abbotts booby, just to name a few. There Abbott’s babbler, Abbott’s booby, Abbott’s starling, Abd al-Kuri sparrow, Abdim’s stork, Aberdare cisticola, Aberrant bush warbler, Abert’s towhee, Abyssinian catbird, Abyssinian crimsonwing, Abyssinian ground hornbill, Abyssinian ground thrush, Abyssinian longclaw, Abyssinian owl, Abyssinian roller, Abyssinian scimitarbill, Abyssinian slaty flycatcher, … Photographs of Australian Birds by Bill Harris. Foreshore Reserve and Camping Ground, Shoreham AU-VIC -38.42441, 145.06491, Mornington Peninsula ... Apostlebird. The apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea), also known as the grey jumper, is a native Australian bird found mostly along the inland of the east coast. Apostlebirds are birds native to inland eastern and southern woody habitats of Australia. 1, 2, 3 Apostlebirds. The Apostlebird is a familiar inhabitant of woodland and agricultural districts, especially inland, from SE South Australia to much of Queensland, with a separate population in the Northern Territory. Explore a complete list of bird species observations in this area. Little Orphan Apostlebird. 1 / 15 Member | Join now. In the north of Australia females can also have a rufous morph. In the Australian temperate forests they are represented by such groups as scrubwrens and thornbills. Canon 5DSR, Canon 200-400L IS USM EXT. Their range extends a bit further South-East from Broken Hill, NSW, to just North-East of Adelaide, SA. They follow each other around, chattering to each other constantly. The Apostlebird, also known as the Grey Jumper, is quick-moving and native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. It’s the species we have here and its range extends in a broad swathe all the way down the coast to Western Victoria. This is a list of the wild birds found in Australia including its outlying islands and territories, but excluding the Australian Antarctic Territory.The outlying islands covered include: Christmas, Cocos (Keeling), Ashmore, Torres Strait, Coral Sea, Lord Howe, Norfolk, Macquarie and Heard/McDonald.The list includes introduced species, common vagrants and recently extinct … The apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea), also known as the grey jumper, lazy jack or cwa bird is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 13 inches (33 centimetres) long. DescriptionAPI Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) in Australia Date 27 May 2008, 12:08:25 Source originally posted to Flickr as what kind am I ?Author Rob and Stephanie Levy Permission (Reusing this file) This image, which was originally posted to Flickr, was uploaded to Commons using Flickr upload bot on 14 September 2010, 07:34 by Amada44.On that date, it was … This is the largest order of birds. Passeriformes are also known as perching birds. The total number of species of birds on earth is estimated to be around 10,000! If you are interested in purchasing any of my bird photos, please visit my website . Full list of birds found in Victoria, Australia (VIC). It has been suggested that up to 10% of Australian bird species may go extinct by the year 2100 as a result of climate change. Usually in family groups that forage low and on the ground, following each other around, gliding between trees and chattering to each other constantly with scratchy, squeaky calls. Photographs of Australian Birds by Bill Harris. With a wide range throughout eastern Australia and a single, isolated population in the Elliott and Katherine regions of the Northern Territory, the apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) belongs to the Australian mudnester family (Corcoracidae), of … Photographed August 2010 - © 2010 Lesley Bray Photography - All Rights Reserved Do not remove my signature from this image. Taken in central Australia. The Apostlebird also known as the Grey Jumper, is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 13 inches. The other, the apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea ), shares its highly social behaviours. The brolga, also known as Australia’s crane, is the country’s largest waterbird. Apostlebird Australian Magpie Black Faced Cuckooshrike Black Kite Blue Winged Kookaburra Brown Honeyeater Channel Billed Cuckoo> Crimson Finch Diamond Dove Dollarbird Common Koel Eastern Spinebill Figbird Galah Great Bowerbird Grey Falcon Grey Heron Imperial Pigeon Little Friarbird Magpie Lark K Langloh Parker gives an apt description - "Such a noisy, assertive tone. The Apostlebird is found in eastern Australia in inland areas from lower Cape York Peninsula, Queensland to northern Victoria and from Naracoorte to Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Chris Bonner and his wife Marelle live on a farm in the beautiful Scenic Rim of South East Queensland where Chris uses his camera to showcase the scenery and wildlife of the area. Reference Number: AAD-667 . It was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1837 and named after the twelve apostles. It is normally seen in groups of six to ten. Full size: 1639x1024. Major targets we hope to find include Plains-wanderer, Southern Cassowary, Albert’s Lyrebird, Regent Bowerbird, Striated Pardalote, Australian Logrunner, Varied Sitella, Chowchilla, Atherton Scrubwren, Apostlebird, Spotted Quail-thrush and Rufous Bristlebird but the extended list of mouth-watering endemics is truly phenomenal! Here’s 7 of the cutest, odd, strangely appealing, weirdest Australian animals we really do see on wildlife tours. It is found in regions like Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, and the Gulf country. Institution: Australian Museum Collection: Australian Museum Ornithology Collection Basis of record: Preserved specimen Catalogue number: Ornithology:O.19438 View record Species : Struthidea cinerea | Apostlebird Date: 1906-04-07 State: New South Wales Nominate race "cinerea" populates inland NSW and QLD, up to the Paroo River. They have a perching foot with three toes directed forward and one backward with locking tendons to facilitate perching when their tendons are flexed. Wedge-tailed Eagles are Australia's largest bird of prey, and is also found in southern New Guinea. Graeme Chapman, a nature photographer, is able to supply you with high resolution photos. Of the recorded birds, 165 are considered vagrant or accidental visitors, of the remainder over 45% are classified as Australian endemics: found nowhere else on earth. Bustards, Emus and Mound Builders At Feathers and Photos our aim is to create and maintain a friendly and informative forum where bird photographers can share their love of all things relating to Australian birds. ... 'Apostlebird'. To enquire about image usage and fees, please contact us directly with your enquiry, or alternatively click the $ / Image Inquiry link once you add an image to your lightbox. Both the Australian mudnesters are found in open habitat in eastern Australia, mostly open eucalypt woodlands and some forest that lacks a closed canopy. Sharing only with credit please. All images are available in high resolution to license for use. They will be printed on A5 Lustre paper. Apostlebirds are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. There is also an isolated population in the Elliott and Katherine areas, Northern Territory. A Gallery of Australian Birds to enjoy or download. Sturdy dark gray bird with stout black bill, plain in plumage but full of character. Indeed, Australia is … Name: Apostlebird Scientific Name: Struthidea cinerea . Little Orphan Apostlebird. Australia and its offshore islands and territories have 898 recorded bird species as of 2014. Brown-headed Honeyeater. The Apostlebird is found in eastern Australia in inland areas from lower Cape York Peninsula, Queensland to northern Victoria and from Naracoorte to Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) bird sounds free on dibird.com. There are two races of Apostlebirds, both of which are endemic to Australia. _____ Please read item description!! Learn about the Apostlebird and the photographers who took the photos. Usually seen on the ground. Category Archives: Australian Mudnesters I took this photo of an Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) whilst visiting the BirdLife Australia Gluepot reserve which is near Walkerie in South [...] Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) Each chapter takes up a new theme--from rarity, beauty, and sound to conservation, naming, and symbolism--and is set in a new place, as Mynott travels from his "home patch" in Suffolk, England, to his "away patch" in New York City's Central Park, as well as to Russia, Australia, and Greece. A beautiful Apostlebird amongst the shrubs. Brown Honeyeater. The two species are in different genera and do not look much alike, but they have similar behaviors and they both build mud nests. Genetic monogamy despite variable ecological conditions and social environment in the cooperatively breeding apostlebird Miyako H. Warrington1, Lee Ann Rollins1*, Nichola J. Raihani2, Andrew F. Russell3 & Simon C. Griffith1,4 1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia 2Genetics, Evolution and … ‘Apostlebirds’ are also known as ‘grey jumpers’, ‘lousy jacks’, ‘family birds’, ‘happy jacks’, and a group of them is sometimes called ‘twelve apostles’ or a ‘happy family’. Apostlebirds are such engaging characters, so curious and comical. okay. It is normally seen in groups of six to ten. No membership needed. Apostlebird, Struthidea cinerea, at Boondooma Station, on the Mundubbera Durong Road, Boondooma, Queensland, Australia. Photo by benjamint444 ( Wikipedia ) - Australia. It contains just two species in two genera, the White-winged Chough, Corcorax melanorhamphos, and the Apostlebird Struthidea cinerea. Apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) Range: AU ( range map ) info. Recordings 679985 results from 10307 species (foreground species only) Results format: detailed; concise; codes; sonograms They occur only on the mainland and are non-migratory. taxonomy. 2 (2) species, 2 genera (Corcorax, Struthidea). Australian Pelican Rob Solic Viewed: 15 "Members Inspiring Members" Zoom Presentation, February 2022 Print Email Our Zoom presentation "Members Inspiring Members" on Wednesday 9 th February was attended by about 60 members. Number observed: 5. Dusky Honeyeater. Apostlebird Struthidea cinerea. Songbird ReMix Australia Volume II contains the second half of Australian songbirds from “Australasian Robins” to “White-eyes”. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level.Apostlebirds often travel in groups of about 12; for this reason they were named after the … Brown-backed Honeyeater. ( "Magpie-Larks and Australian Mudnesters", 1967) Biogeographic Regions australian native Habitat The white-winged chough is one of just two known members of the Australian mudnesters family Corcoracidae. Every time we came across a Native Kapok tree-Bombax ceiba leiocarpum-we checked it for birds, because they have very few leaves at this time of year and the flowers attract some great birds! They are loud and raucous. EDITOR: Our first bird in the 'Australian Mudnester' family. Apostlebird. Australia, including its territories and offshore islands, houses approximately 900 recorded bird species.Of these, 165 are vagrants, and 45% of the remainders are endemic to Australia, and are not found anywhere else on earth. Bird - Australian Bird - Catbird Stock Photos, Pictures and Images. Member | Join now. The indigenous thrushes are the Bassian, Zoothera lunulata, and the Russet-tailed Thrush, Z. heinei. The magpielark was one lumped in with the apostlebird and white-winged chough in Australian bird books because all build mud nests, but it was soon apparent there was little other similarity, and the magpielarks were given their own family, the Grallidae. The Apostlebird is a medium-sized dark grey bird with a short strong bill, brown wings and black tail. They normally travel in groups of about 12 birds which is why they were named after the 12 apostles. The Pied Currawong, Strepera graculina, is black with white flashes in wing, undertail and tail-tip, all more apparent in flight. The birds at Mungo seem to be bluer than the browner ones found in reference books. Wedge-tailed Eagles (Aquila audax fleayi), is a subspecies found in Tasmania and it is listed as an endangered species. Helmeted Friarbird. All passerines scratch by bringing the foot over the wing. It has a semi-gloss finish with a low level of glare. Chough, Apostlebird & Drongo Read More. View. This will allow you to switch to a portal-specific protocol if desired. AUSTRALIA 2009-2021. To enquire about image usage and fees, please contact us directly with your enquiry, or alternatively click the $ / Image Inquiry link once you add an image to your lightbox. Photo: John Gitsham. Most passerines are smaller and less massive than members of non-passerine orders. A smaller isolated population in the north of Australia may constitute a subspecies with birds that are slightly larger but with smaller bills than the eastern population. The apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea), also known as the grey jumper, lousy jack or cwa bird is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 33 cm (13 in) long. Full list of birds found in Queensland, Australia (QLD). Apostlebirds are birds native to inland eastern and southern woody habitats of Australia. ‘Apostlebirds’ are also known as ‘grey jumpers’, ‘lousy jacks’, ‘family birds’, ‘happy jacks’, and a group of them is sometimes called ‘twelve apostles’ or a ‘happy family’. In 2014, it was estimated that there are almost 900 recorded bird species in Australia and on its offshore islands. apostlebird. Apostlebird - Originally described by ornithologist John Gould in 1837, ... Australian Owlet-Nightjar - The Australian Owlet-nightjar is a small to medium sized owlet-nightjar with grey upperparts and a white, barred front and a distinct dark and pale patterning on the head. Found throughout coastal Australia. Wiki User ∙ 2009-01-06 03:10:00 Both birds love hanging out in large flocks of up to 20 individuals – most often consisting of a breeding pair and several generations of offspring. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. The apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) is from the family Corcoracidae and is found in the range consisting of the eastern part of Australia. Apostlebird. A medium-sized dark grey bird with a short black bill, brown wings and a long black tail. These large, Australian cooperative breeders range over agricultural fields in huge flocks when not breeding. jackson is a big fan of the australian apostlebird because of their communal life style. Both species are tolerant of human modified habitats and will occupy farmlands and suburban areas, and even parks and gardens. It is found in open woodland and scrub near water, in orchards and agricultural land with trees. The Apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) is native to Australia and has dark gray bird with stout black bill, speckled plumage, brown on the wings, quick-moving and full of character.Highly gregarious, they are usually seen in family groups that forage on the ground, although you do see them up in trees. In the Aboriginal language Gamilaraay, the bird is known as burralga. More birds will be added over time. Little Friarbird. See more. Besides wider Australian travels, he has also produced a portfolio of pictures from across the world including the wildlife of Africa to e magic … The Birds in Backyards Program is currently running three surveys which require volunteer assistance. As with all Songbird Remix volumes, more unusual For example: subfamily. Distribution and habitat Apostlebird. Australian Cough, Apostlebird The following family (Subfamily Cororacinae by Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990) is recognized by all most authors: Family Corcoracidae – Australian Mudnesters: Wiki EoL : This family includes the Australian Chough and Apostlebird . With a wide range throughout eastern Australia and a single, isolated population in the Elliott and Katherine regions of the Northern Territory, the apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea) belongs to the Australian mudnester family (Corcoracidae), of which there is but one other member. Most species of perching birds have 12 tail feathers. Every time we came across a Native Kapok tree-Bombax ceiba leiocarpum-we checked it for birds, because they have very few leaves at this time of year and the flowers attract some great birds! he felt replacing heavy backpacks with digital backpacks would not only put an end to the deforming back problems faced by millions of young people, but also make learning more fun, effective and cheaper for them. Currawongs are the most crow-like of the Artamidae, being just as big and nearly as black. There are Apostlebirds in the northern part of the Northern Territory isolated from the main population down the east coast of Australia. Open dry forests and woodlands near water, but may also be found in farmlands with trees, along roadsides, in orchards and on golf courses. Bustards, Emus and Mound Builders There is also an isolated population in the Elliott and Katherine areas, Northern Territory. The apostlebird ( Struthidea cinerea ), also known as the grey jumper, lousy jack, happy jack, awky squawky or caw bird is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 33 cm (13 in) long. It is a native to Australia where it roams woodlands, eating insects and seeds at, or near, ground level. And because we’re Downunder, we will start with Part 2: the really weird animals of Australia. Stream songs including "Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo, Red-Tailed Black-Cockatoo, Weebill, Torresian Crow, Cicadabird, Brush Cuckoo", "Featuring Australian Bustard Also Golden-Headed Cisticola" and more. The family is often commonly called Corcoracidae, however this is the junior synonym. Chough, Apostlebird & Drongo. In this study, we describe … They live a communal life style, coope White-winged Chough (Megalong Valley, NSW) Habitat. Apostlebird. Apostlebird definition, an omnivorous bird, Struthidea cinerea, of eastern Australia, that has chiefly dark gray-brown plumage with white tail markings and is noted for its habit of traveling in groups of about 12 related individuals. Struthidea cinerea Gould, 1837. It is characterized by brown wings, a black tail with a glossy green shine, black legs, and a black, stubby bill. Photo by benjamint444 ( Wikipedia ) - Australia. The apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea), also known as the grey jumper, lousy jack, happy jack, awky squawky or caw bird is a quick-moving, gray or black bird about 33 cm (13 in) long.

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